{"id":1629,"date":"2022-06-06T08:32:15","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T08:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/?page_id=1629"},"modified":"2024-10-04T09:00:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T09:00:36","slug":"histoire","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/fr\/histoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Histoire"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;82px||96px|||&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;82px||96px|||&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;10px||10px||false|false&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;47px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1>600 ans d&#8217;une famille en Navarre<\/h1>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>On trouve la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9f\u00e9rence documentaire des Mencos \u00e0 Tafalla en 1420, ce qui signifie que la famille est install\u00e9e dans la ville sur les berges de la rivi\u00e8re Cidacos depuis plus de six si\u00e8cles.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Une vieille maison au d\u00e9but de la rue Tubal, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l&#8217;\u00e9glise de Santa Mar\u00eda, t\u00e9moigne avec ses armoiries avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 la r\u00e9sidence de la famille. \u00c0 la fin du si\u00e8cle suivant, M. Mart\u00edn de Mencos y Garinoain et son \u00e9pouse Do\u00f1a Juana L\u00f3pez de Dicastillo y Balda-Ch\u00e1varri, seigneurs d&#8217;Ezcaba, constitueront le domaine Mencos, favorisant la construction d&#8217;une belle maison, que leur fils Le\u00f3n terminera. Ce dernier se maria avec Do\u00f1a Margarita de Arbizu et Diez de Aux Armend\u00e1riz, seigneurs d&#8217;Iriberri, qui placeront leurs armoiries sur sa fa\u00e7ade.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/escudo-palacio-1.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;escudo-palacio-1&#8243; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#B0976D&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;rgba(176,151,109,0.51) 0%|rgba(176,151,109,0.84) 100%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/plano-palacio-mencos.jpg&#8221; parallax=&#8221;on&#8221; parallax_method=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;111px||110px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=&#8221;110,134&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;fold&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;13px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset1&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/recoletas.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;recoletas&#8221; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Playfair Display|500|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;31px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Le Palais des Mencos est situ\u00e9 \u00e0 Tafalla, une ville et municipalit\u00e9 de la Communaut\u00e9 Forale de Navarre<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Reli\u00e9 par une ancienne arche au couvent des Recoletas, <strong>le palais se compose d\u2019un grand bloc cubique en ma\u00e7onnerie de pierres de taille, sur deux \u00e9tages en plus d\u2019un attique.<\/strong> Articul\u00e9 par une s\u00e9rie de fen\u00eatres droites, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de la porte principale, orn\u00e9e d\u2019un arc en plein cintre, sous l\u2019\u00e9cusson aux armoiries des Mencos. <strong>Adoss\u00e9 \u00e0 un angle du b\u00e2timent principal, se trouve une tour prismatique en pierre de taille,<\/strong> dont la partie basse t\u00e9moigne du fait qu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9difi\u00e9e sur les structures d\u2019une ancienne tour m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, probablement un vestige des vielles murailles de la ville de Tafalla. La partie sup\u00e9rieure, con\u00e7ue comme plateforme d\u2019observation, s\u2019articule par des arcs en plein cintre sur des piliers. <strong>Sur\u00e9lev\u00e9 sur une petite colline devant les anciennes murailles de la ville de Tafalla, aujourd\u2019hui disparues,<\/strong> la famille Mencos aurait achet\u00e9 le terrain aux alentours de l\u2019an 1590. La famille, qui \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque habitait pr\u00e8s de l\u2019\u00e9glise de Sainte Marie, acheta ce lot extra-muros, au bord du Chemin Royal qui m\u00e8ne \u00e0 Olite, pour y faire b\u00e2tir leur nouvelle demeure.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Depuis lors elle est devenue la r\u00e9sidence principale de la famille Mencos jusqu\u2019en 1770.<\/strong> \u00c0 la suite du mariage de Joaqu\u00edn Jos\u00e9 Mencos y Areizaga (conde de Guendulain et bar\u00f3n de Big\u00fcezal, Alcaide de los Reales Alc\u00e1zares de Tafalla) et de Magdalena Eslava y Eslava, (marquesa de la Real Defensa et condesa del Fresno de la Fuente), <strong>la famille transf\u00e8re sa r\u00e9sidence principale \u00e0 la maison des Real Defensa, sur la rue Zapater\u00eda \u00e0 Pampelune.<\/strong> Le Palais de Tafalla restera d\u00e9sormais comme r\u00e9sidence secondaire jusqu\u2019au milieu du XXe si\u00e8cle quand il redeviendra la maison principale du majorat des Mencos de Tafalla.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_5,3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/palacio-mencos-hospital.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;palacio-mencos-hospital&#8221; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_5&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Playfair Display|500|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;31px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Occupation en temps de guerre<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.24.2&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>En p\u00e9riode de guerre la demeure fut occup\u00e9 \u00e0 nombreuses reprises par diff\u00e9rentes troupes en lice. Ce fut le cas de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise entre 1808 et 1813 pendant la <strong>guerre d\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance espagnole.<\/strong> Le palais devint le quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019arm\u00e9e de Marie-Christine de Bourbon pendant la Premi\u00e8re <strong>guerre Carliste<\/strong> entre 1833 et 1839. Post\u00e9rieurement, pendant la <strong>Troisi\u00e8me guerre Carliste,<\/strong> entre 1873 et 1876, le palais sera reconverti en h\u00f4pital de la Croix Rouge (il pourrait \u00eatre le premier h\u00f4pital install\u00e9 sur une ligne de front, de ce qui s\u2019appelaient encore \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque les Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de Secours aux Bless\u00e9s Militaires). Plus r\u00e9cemment, au XXe si\u00e8cle, en 1936 pendant la <strong>Guerre civile espagnole,<\/strong> il fut \u00e0 nouveau occup\u00e9, pour servir comme \u00e9cole de sous-officiers et poste de commandement de la Garde Civile. Il n\u2019est donc pas \u00e9trange que la maison ait souffert consid\u00e9rablement au long des si\u00e8cles. Des travaux de r\u00e9novation compr\u00e9hensifs furent entam\u00e9s durant les ann\u00e9es quarante du si\u00e8cle dernier sous la direction de Don Tiburcio Mencos y Bernaldo de Quir\u00f3s, marques de la Real Defensa. Grace \u00e0 ces travaux et d\u2019autres depuis, <strong>la maison nous offre aujourd\u2019hui un aspect encore plus soign\u00e9 qu\u2019avant la Guerre civile.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#b0976d&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/palaciodelosmencos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/plano-palacio-mencos.jpg&#8221; background_blend=&#8221;soft-light&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;91px||72px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;10px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;rgba(176,151,109,0.74)&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; 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